References

Why This Book is Worth Your Time

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This Book is My Act of Reciprocity

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Section 1: Four Fun Essays About Healthy Natural Systems

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Chapter 1: Trees Build Soil

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Chapter 2: Soil Stores Fresh Water & Trees Move It

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• Pöschl, U., Martin, S. T., Sinha, B., Chen, Q., Gunthe, S. S., Huffman, J. A., Borrmann, S., Farmer, D. K., Garland, R. M., Helas, G., Jimenez, J. L., King, S. M., Manzi, A., Mikhailov, E., Pauliquevis, T., Petters, M. D., Prenni, A. J., Roldin, P., Rose, D., … Andreae, M. O. (2010). Rainforest aerosols as biogenic nuclei of clouds and precipitation in the Amazon. Science, 329(5998), 1513–1516. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1191056
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Chapter 3: Trees Feed & Shelter Terrestrial Life

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Chapter 4: Trees Pump CO₂ From the Atmosphere & Sequester it Within Life

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• Lal, R. (2008). Carbon sequestration. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 363(1492), 815–830. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2007.2185
• McCann, T., Skompski, S., Poty, E., Dusar, M., Vozarova, A., Schneider, J., Wetzel, A., Krainer, K., Kornpihl, K., Schafer, A., Krings, M., Oplustil, S., & Tait, J. (2008). Carboniferous. In T. McCann (Ed.), The geology of Central Europe (1st ed., Vol. 1, pp. 411–529). The Geological Society of London. https://doi.org/10.1144/CEV1P.9
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• Roman, J., & McCarthy, J. J. (2010). The whale pump: Marine mammals enhance primary productivity in a coastal basin. PLOS ONE, 5(10), e13255. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0013255
• Wilmers, C. C., Estes, J. A., Edwards, M., Laidre, K. L., & Konar, B. (2012). Do trophic cascades affect the storage and flux of atmospheric carbon? An analysis of sea otters and kelp forests. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 10(8), 409–415. https://doi.org/10.1890/110176

Section 2: Four Not-So-Fun Essays About Broken Natural Systems

Chapter 5: We Are Destroying Forests & Grasslands

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• Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2020). Global forest resources assessment 2020: Key findings. https://doi.org/10.4060/ca8753en
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• Hill, R. S. (1990). The fossil history of Tasmania’s rainforest tree species. Tasforests, 2(1), 5–12.
• Holmes, J. (2009). Losing 25,000 to hunger every day. UN Chronicle, 45(3), 14–20. https://doi.org/10.18356/a54cde0d-en
• MacKinnon, J. B. (2013). The once and future world: Finding wilderness in the nature we’ve made. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
• Mersmann, K. (2019, June 12). NASA explores our changing freshwater world. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. https://www.nasa.gov/missions/gpm/nasa-explores-our-changing-freshwater-world/
• Milesi, C., Elvidge, C. D., Dietz, J. B., Tuttle, B. T., Nemani, R. R., & Running, S. W. (2005). A strategy for mapping and modeling the ecological effects of US lawns. J. Turfgrass Manage, 1(1), 83–97.
• National Park Service. (n.d.). A complex prairie ecosystem. Retrieved November 20, 2023, from https://www.nps.gov/tapr/learn/nature/a-complex-prairie-ecosystem.htm
• Rabalais, N. N., & Turner, R. E. (2019). Gulf of Mexico hypoxia: Past, present, and future. Limnology and Oceanography Bulletin, 28(4), 117–124. https://doi.org/10.1002/lob.10351
• Ritchie, H. (2019, November 11). Half of the world’s habitable land is used for agriculture. Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/global-land-for-agriculture
• Ritchie, H. (2021, February 9). The world has lost one-third of its forest, but an end of deforestation is possible. Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/world-lost-one-third-forests
• Rivers, M., Newton, A. C., Oldfield, S., & Contributors, G. T. A. (2023). Scientists’ warning to humanity on tree extinctions. Plants, People, Planet, 5(4), 466–482. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp3.10314
• Samson, F. B., Knopf, F. L., & Ostlie, W. R. (2004). Great Plains ecosystems: Past, present, and future. Wildlife Society Bulletin, 32(1), 6–15. https://doi.org/10.2193/0091-7648(2004)32[6:GPEPPA]2.0.CO;2
• Samson, F., & Knopf, F. (1994). Prairie conservation in North America. BioScience, 44(6), 418–421. https://doi.org/10.2307/1312365
• Scholtz, R., & Twidwell, D. (2022). The last continuous grasslands on Earth: Identification and conservation importance. Conservation Science and Practice, 4(3), e626. https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.626
• Shepard, M. (2013). Restoration agriculture: Real-world permaculture for farmers. Acres U.S.A.
• Smil, V. (1997). Cycles of life: Civilization and the biosphere. Scientific American Library.
• United Nations Environment Programme. (2021). Food waste index report 2021. United Nations Environment Programme. https://www.unep.org/resources/report/unep-food-waste-index-report-2021
• United States Environmental Protection Agency. (2017, February 14). Outdoor water use in the United States. https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/www3/watersense/pubs/outdoor.html
• Vermeulen, S. J., Campbell, B. M., & Ingram, J. S. I. (2012). Climate change and food systems. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 37(1), 195–222. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-020411-130608
• Weisse, M., Goldman, E., & Carter, S. (2023). How much forest was lost in 2022? World Resources Institute. https://research.wri.org/gfr/latest-analysis-deforestation-trends

Chapter 6: We Are Turning Soil into Dirt & Running Out of Fresh Water

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• Konikow, L. F. (2015). Long‐term groundwater depletion in the United States. Groundwater, 53(1), 2–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12306
• Lund, J., Medellin-Azuara, J., Durand, J., & Stone, K. (2018). Lessons from California’s 2012–2016 drought. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 144(10), 04018067. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000984
• Makarieva, A. M., Nefiodov, A. V., Nobre, A. D., Sheil, D., Nobre, P., Pokorný, J., Hesslerová, P., & Li, B.-L. (2022). Vegetation impact on atmospheric moisture transport under increasing land-ocean temperature contrasts. Heliyon, 8(10), e11173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11173
• Mekonnen, M. M., & Hoekstra, A. Y. (2016). Four billion people facing severe water scarcity. Science Advances, 2(2), e1500323. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1500323
• National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service. (2023, June 30). Extreme heat and severe weather plague parts of North America. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. https://www.nesdis.noaa.gov/news/extreme-heat-and-severe-weather-plague-parts-of-north-america
• Richey, A. S., Thomas, B. F., Lo, M., Reager, J. T., Famiglietti, J. S., Voss, K., Swenson, S., & Rodell, M. (2015). Quantifying renewable groundwater stress with GRACE. Water Resources Research, 51(7), 5217–5238. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR017349
• Rodina, L. (2019). Water resilience lessons from Cape Town’s water crisis. WIREs Water, 6(6), e1376. https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1376
• Savory Institute. (2023). Savory Institute: Regenerating the world’s grasslands.https://savory.global/
• Sofia, G., Roder, G., Dalla Fontana, G., & Tarolli, P. (2017). Flood dynamics in urbanised landscapes: 100 years of climate and humans’ interaction. Scientific Reports, 7(1), 40527. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep40527
• Tsegai, D., Augenstein, P., Huang, Z., Voigt, C., Lipton, G., Howard, J., Minelli, S., Alexander, S., & Liu, S. (2023). Global drought snapshot 2023: The need for proactive action. United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification.
• United States Environmental Protection Agency. (2017, February 14). Outdoor water use in the United States. https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/www3/watersense/pubs/outdoor.html
• Wake County Government, & Davey Resource Group, Inc. (2023). Wake County land cover analysis and tree canopy assessment. Wake County, North Carolina. https://s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wakegov.com.if-us-west-1/s3fs-public/documents/2023-09/Wake%20County_FINAL_pages_R_0.pdf
• Wilson, E. O. (2016). Half-Earth: Our planet’s fight for life (1st ed.). Liveright Publishing Corporation.

Chapter 7: We Are Killing Life

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• Ceballos, G., Ehrlich, P. R., & Dirzo, R. (2017). Biological annihilation via the ongoing sixth mass extinction signaled by vertebrate population losses and declines. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114(30), E6089–E6096. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1704949114
• Davidson, A. D., Boyer, A. G., Kim, H., Pompa-Mansilla, S., Hamilton, M. J., Costa, D. P., Ceballos, G., & Brown, J. H. (2012). Drivers and hotspots of extinction risk in marine mammals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(9), 3395–3400. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1121469109
• Davies, R. W. D., Cripps, S. J., Nickson, A., & Porter, G. (2009). Defining and estimating global marine fisheries bycatch. Marine Policy, 33(4), 661–672. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2009.01.003
• Egler, F. (1970). The way of science: A philosophy of ecology for the layman. Hafner Publishing Company.
• Flores, D. (2023). Wild new world: The epic story of animals and people in America. W. W. Norton and Company, Incorporated.
• Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2020). The state of world fisheries and aquaculture 2020: Sustainability in action. https://doi.org/10.4060/ca9229en
• Hedrick, P. W. (2009). Conservation genetics and North American bison (Bison bison). Journal of Heredity, 100(4), 411–420. https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esp024
• Hulme, P. E. (2009). Trade, transport and trouble: Managing invasive species pathways in an era of globalization. Journal of Applied Ecology, 46(1), 10–18. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2008.01600.x
• Johnson, R., Crafton, R. E., & Upton, H. F. (2017). Invasive species: Major laws and the role of selected federal agencies. Congressional Research Service.
• Lewison, R. L., Freeman, S. A., & Crowder, L. B. (2004). Quantifying the effects of fisheries on threatened species: The impact of pelagic longlines on loggerhead and leatherback sea turtles. Ecology Letters, 7(3), 221–231. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00573.x
• MacKinnon, J. B. (2013). The once and future world: Finding wilderness in the nature we’ve made. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
• Martin, P. S. (2005). Twilight of the mammoths: Ice age extinctions and the rewilding of America. University of California Press.
• McKinney, R., Gibbon, J., Wozniak, E., & Galland, G. (2020). Netting billions 2020: A global tuna valuation.
• Mills, L. S., & Doak, D. F. (1993). The keystone-species concept in ecology and conservation. BioScience, 43(4), 219–224. https://doi.org/10.2307/1312122
• Pacific Bluefin Tuna Working Group. (2016). 2016 Pacific bluefin tuna stock assessment: Executive summary. International Scientific Committee for Tuna and Tuna-Like Species in the North Pacific Ocean. https://isc.fra.go.jp/pdf/Stock_assessment/EXECUTIVE_SUMMARY_ISC_2016_Pacific_Bluefin_Tuna_Stock_Assessment.pdf
• Rigling, D., & Prospero, S. (2018). Cryphonectria parasitica, the causal agent of chestnut blight: Invasion history, population biology and disease control. Molecular Plant Pathology, 19(1), 7–20. https://doi.org/10.1111/mpp.12542
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Chapter 8: In Terms of CO₂, We Are Returning to the Carboniferous Period

• Friedlingstein, P., O’Sullivan, M., Jones, M. W., Andrew, R. M., Gregor, L., Hauck, J., Le Quéré, C., Luijkx, I. T., Olsen, A., Peters, G. P., Peters, W., Pongratz, J., Schwingshackl, C., Sitch, S., Canadell, J. G., Ciais, P., Jackson, R. B., Alin, S. R., Alkama, R., … Zheng, B. (2022). Global carbon budget 2022. Earth System Science Data, 14(11), 4811–4900. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4811-2022
• Gruber, N., Bakker, D. C. E., DeVries, T., Gregor, L., Hauck, J., Landschützer, P., McKinley, G. A., & Müller, J. D. (2023). Trends and variability in the ocean carbon sink. Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, 4(2), 119–134. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-022-00381-x
• Keeling, C. D. (1960). The concentration and isotopic abundances of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Tellus, 12(2), 200–203. https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusa.v12i2.9366
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• Tripati, A. K., Roberts, C. D., & Eagle, R. A. (2009). Coupling of CO₂ and ice sheet stability over major climate transitions of the last 20 million years. Science, 326(5958), 1394–1397. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1178296
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• Vallis, G. K. (2012). Climate and the oceans. Princeton University Press.

Section 3: Fast & Easy Ways to Help Heal Earth

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Chapter 9: Some Important Notes Before we Begin

• Licht, M. (2022, April 8). Soil temperature map can help guide farmers’ planting decisions. Iowa State University Extension and Outreach. https://www.extension.iastate.edu/news/soil-temperature-map-can-help-guide-farmers-planting-decisions
• North Carolina State Climate Office. (2023). Station scout. North Carolina State University. https://products.climate.ncsu.edu/cardinal/scout/
• The Ohio State University College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences. (2023). The Ohio State phenology calendar. https://weather.cfaes.osu.edu/gdd/

Chapter 10: Start with Planting Trees – One of The Most Important Things We Can Do

• Carrero, C., Jerome, D., Beckman, E., Byrne, A., Coombes, A. J., Deng, M., Rodríguez, A. G., Van Sam, H., Khoo, E., & Nguyen, N. (2020). The red list of oaks 2020.
• Gilman, E. F. (2020, January 24). Establishment period for trees. University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. https://hort.ifas.ufl.edu/woody/establishment-period.shtml
• Kimmerer, R. W. (2003). Gathering moss: A natural and cultural history of mosses (1st ed). Oregon State University Press.
• Lewington, A., & Parker, E. (2012). Ancient trees: Trees that live for a thousand years. Batsford.
• Licht, M. (2022, April 8). Soil temperature map can help guide farmers’ planting decisions. Iowa State University Extension and Outreach. https://www.extension.iastate.edu/news/soil-temperature-map-can-help-guide-farmers-planting-decisions
• North Carolina State Climate Office. (2023). Station scout. North Carolina State University. https://products.climate.ncsu.edu/cardinal/scout/
• Roman, L. A., & Scatena, F. N. (2011). Street tree survival rates: Meta-analysis of previous studies and application to a field survey in Philadelphia, PA, USA. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 10(4), 269–274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2011.05.008
• Struve, D. (2009). Tree establishment: A review of some of the factors affecting transplant survival and establishment. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry, 35(1), 10–13. https://doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2009.003
• Tallamy, D. W. (2021). The nature of oaks: The rich ecology of our most essential native trees. Timber Press.
• The Ohio State University College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences. (2023). The Ohio State phenology calendar. . https://weather.cfaes.osu.edu/gdd/
• Watson, G. W., & Himelick, E. B. (2013). The practical science of planting trees. International Society of Arboriculture.
• Watson, W. T. (2005). Influence of tree size on transplant establishment and growth. HortTechnology, 15(1), 118–122. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH.15.1.0118

Chapter 11: Save Existing Trees – They Rarely Need to be Removed

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• Crick, J. (2017, March 30). Wind is essential to natural processes. Michigan State University Extension. https://www.canr.msu.edu/news/wind_is_essential_to_natural_processes
• Godman, R. M., Yawney, H. W., & Tubbs, C. H. (1990). Acer saccharum Marsh.: Sugar maple. Silvics of North America, 2(654), 78.
• Harris, R. W., Clark, J. R., & Matheny, N. P. (2004). Arboriculture: Integrated management of landscape trees, shrubs, and vines (4th ed). Prentice Hall.
• Kushla, J. D., & Wilson, J. (2021). Tree health assessment and risk management (P3717). Mississippi State University Extension Service. http://extension.msstate.edu/publications/tree-health-assessment-and-risk-management
• Lewington, A., & Parker, E. (2012). Ancient trees: Trees that live for a thousand years. Batsford.
• Perry, T. (1982). The ecology of tree roots and the practical significance thereof. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry, 8(8), 197–211. https://doi.org/10.48044/jauf.1982.047
• Pickens, B. (2015). Silvics of shortleaf pine. Silvics of North America, 1, 31–32.
• Roberts, J., Jackson, N., & Smith, M. (2013). Tree roots in the built environment. Arboricultural Association.
• Schmidlin, T. W. (2009). Human fatalities from wind-related tree failures in the United States, 1995–2007. Natural Hazards, 50(1), 13–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-008-9314-7
• Tallamy, D. W. (2009). Bringing nature home: How you can sustain wildlife with native plants (Updated and expanded pbk. ed). Timber Press.
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• Wray, A. K., Jusino, M. A., Banik, M. T., Palmer, J. M., Kaarakka, H., White, J. P., Lindner, D. L., Gratton, C., & Peery, M. Z. (2018). Incidence and taxonomic richness of mosquitoes in the diets of little brown and big brown bats. Journal of Mammalogy, 99(3), 668–674. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyy044
• Yellman, M. A., & Sauber-Schatz, E. K. (2022). Motor vehicle crash deaths: United States and 28 other high-income countries, 2015 and 2019. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 71(26), 837–843. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7126a1

Chapter 12: Perform Structural Pruning to Increase Stability – It’s the Only Pruning That Matters

• Harris, R. W., Clark, J. R., & Matheny, N. P. (2004). Arboriculture: Integrated management of landscape trees, shrubs, and vines (4th ed). Prentice Hall.
• Hirons, A. D., & Thomas, P. (2018). Applied tree biology. Wiley Blackwell.

Chapter 13: A Very Short Diversion on Pruning Shrubs

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• Turnbull, C. (2012). Cass Turnbull’s guide to pruning: What, when, where and how to prune for a more beautiful garden (3rd edition). Sasquatch Books.

Chapter 14: Promote Soil Bursting with Life

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• Domínguez, J., Aira, M., Kolbe, A. R., Gómez-Brandón, M., & Pérez-Losada, M. (2019). Changes in the composition and function of bacterial communities during vermicomposting may explain beneficial properties of vermicompost. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 9657. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-46018-w
• Feijen, F. A. A., Vos, R. A., Nuytinck, J., & Merckx, V. S. F. T. (2018). Evolutionary dynamics of mycorrhizal symbiosis in land plant diversification. Scientific Reports, 8(1), 10698. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-28920-x
• Gao, Y., & Cabrera Serrenho, A. (2023). Greenhouse gas emissions from nitrogen fertilizers could be reduced by up to one-fifth of current levels by 2050 with combined interventions. Nature Food, 4(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-023-00698-w
• Greene, S. C., Folt, J., Wyatt, K., & Brandehoff, N. P. (2021). Epidemiology of fatal snakebites in the United States 1989–2018. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 45, 309–316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2020.08.083
• Harris, R. W., Clark, J. R., & Matheny, N. P. (2004). Arboriculture: Integrated management of landscape trees, shrubs, and vines (4th ed). Prentice Hall.
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• Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, & Highway Loss Data Institute. (2023). Fatality facts 2021: State by state. IIHS-HLDI. https://www.iihs.org/topics/fatality-statistics/detail/state-by-state
• Johnson, D., & DeSimio, P. (2017). Best management practices: Johnson-Su compost bioreactors. New Mexico State University College of Agriculture, Consumer, & Environmental Sciences. https://regenerationinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Johnson-Su-Bioreactor.pdf
• Joosten, H., Tapio-Biström, M.-L., & Tol, S. (2012). Peatlands: Guidance for climate change mitigation through conservation, rehabilitation and sustainable use. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
• Land, B. (2005, April). Using Vitamin C to neutralize chlorine in water systems. USDA Forest Service: Technology & Development Program. https://www.fs.usda.gov/t-d/pubs/html/05231301/05231301.html
• Landeweert, R., Hoffland, E., Finlay, R. D., Kuyper, T. W., & Van Breemen, N. (2001). Linking plants to rocks: Ectomycorrhizal fungi mobilize nutrients from minerals. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 16(5), 248–254. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5347(01)02122-X
• Lanterman, J., Reeher, P., Mitchell, R. J., & Goodell, K. (2019). Habitat preference and phenology of nest seeking and foraging spring bumble bee queens in northeastern North America (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombus). The American Midland Naturalist, 182(2), 131. https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031-182.2.131
• Legal, L. (2022). “Lepidoptera flies”, but not always…Interactions of caterpillars and chrysalis with soil. Diversity, 15(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.3390/d15010027
• Lehman, R. M., Osborne, S., & Taheri, W. (2018, December 19). Fall cover crops boost soil arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi which can lead to reduced inputs. South Dakota State University Extension. https://extension.sdstate.edu/fall-cover-crops-boost-soil-arbuscular-mycorrhizal-fungi-which-can-lead-reduced-inputs
• Menge, J. A., Steirle, D., Bagyaraj, D. J., Johnson, E. L. V., & Leonard, R. T. (1978). Phosphorus concentrations in plants responsible for inhibition of mycorrhizal infection. New Phytologist, 80(3), 575–578. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1978.tb01589.x
• Mulholland, P. J., Helton, A. M., Poole, G. C., Hall, R. O., Hamilton, S. K., Peterson, B. J., Tank, J. L., Ashkenas, L. R., Cooper, L. W., Dahm, C. N., Dodds, W. K., Findlay, S. E. G., Gregory, S. V., Grimm, N. B., Johnson, S. L., McDowell, W. H., Meyer, J. L., Valett, H. M., Webster, J. R., … Thomas, S. M. (2008). Stream denitrification across biomes and its response to anthropogenic nitrate loading. Nature, 452(7184), 202–205. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06686
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• Oder, T. (2015, March 30). Redefining curb appeal. National Wildlife Federation. https://www.nwf.org/Home/Magazines/National-Wildlife/2015/AprilMay/Gardening/Redefining-Curb-Appeal
• Phillips, M. (2017). Mycorrhizal planet: How symbiotic fungi work with roots to support plant health and build soil fertility. Chelsea Green Publishing.
• Simard, S. W. (2018). Mycorrhizal networks facilitate tree communication, learning, and memory. In F. Baluska, M. Gagliano, & G. Witzany (Eds.), Memory and learning in plants (pp. 191–213). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75596-0_10
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Chapter 15: More Easy Ways to Promote Outrageous Diversity!

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• Coe, S. T., Elmore, J. A., Elizondo, E. C., & Loss, S. R. (2021). Free-ranging domestic cat abundance and sterilization percentage following five years of a trap–neuter–return program. Wildlife Biology, 2021(1). https://doi.org/10.2981/wlb.00799
• Dutcher, A., Pias, K., Sizemore, G., & Vantassel, S. M. (2021). Free-ranging and feral cats.
• Eid, A., Jaradat, N., & Elmarzugi, N. (2017). A review of chemical constituents and traditional usage of neem plant (Azadirachta indica). Palestinian Medical and Pharmaceutical Journal, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.59049/2790-0231.1060
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• Gupta, P. K. (2018). Toxicity of fungicides. In Veterinary toxicology (pp. 569–580). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-811410-0.00045-3
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• Jensen, M. B., Willson, S. K., & Powell, A. N. (2022). How effective is the Birdsbesafe® cat collar at reducing bird mortality by domestic cats? Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, 13(1), 182–191. https://doi.org/10.3996/JFWM-21-055
• Jones, R. (2018). Beetles. William Collins.
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• Loss, S. R., Will, T., & Marra, P. P. (2013). The impact of free-ranging domestic cats on wildlife of the United States. Nature Communications, 4(1), 1396. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms2380
• Narango, D. L., Tallamy, D. W., & Marra, P. P. (2018). Nonnative plants reduce population growth of an insectivorous bird. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(45), 11549–11554. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1809259115
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• Skelly, J. (2013). Horticultural oils: What a gardener needs to know. Extension

  University of Nevada, Reno. https://extension.unr.edu/publication.aspx?PubID=3029

• Tallamy, D. W. (2019). Nature’s best hope: A new approach to conservation that starts in your yard. Timber Press.
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Section 4: More Powerful Ways to Help Heal Earth

Thogmartin, W. E., Wiederholt, R., Oberhauser, K., Drum, R. G., Diffendorfer, J. E., Altizer, S., Taylor, O. R., Pleasants, J., Semmens, D., Semmens, B., Erickson, R., Libby, K., & Lopez-Hoffman, L. (2017). Monarch butterfly population decline in North America: Identifying the threatening processes. Royal Society Open Science, 4(9), 170760. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170760

Chapter 16: Lawns are Ecological Disasters – Replace them with Meadows from Seed

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• Falcone, J. A. (2021). Estimates of county-level nitrogen and phosphorus from fertilizer and manure from 1950 through 2017 in the conterminous United States (Open-File Report 2020–1153). United States Geological Survey. https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1153/ofr20201153.pdf
• Flores, D. (2023). Wild new world: The epic story of animals and people in America. W.W. Norton and Company, Incorporated.
• James C. Finley Center for Private Forests. (2020, January 7). For water quality: Creating woods instead of lawns. Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences. https://ecosystems.psu.edu/research/centers/private-forests/news/for-water-quality-creating-woods-instead-of-lawns
• Klepeis, N. E., Nelson, W. C., Ott, W. R., Robinson, J. P., Tsang, A. M., Switzer, P., Behar, J. V., Hern, S. C., & Engelmann, W. H. (2001). The National Human Activity Pattern Survey (NHAPS): A resource for assessing exposure to environmental pollutants. Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology, 11(3), 231–252. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jea.7500165
• Libbey, K., & Hernández, D. L. (2021). Depth profile of soil carbon and nitrogen accumulation over two decades in a prairie restoration experiment. Ecosystems, 24(6), 1348–1360. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-020-00588-3
• Mallinger, R. E., Gaines-Day, H. R., & Gratton, C. (2017). Do managed bees have negative effects on wild bees?: A systematic review of the literature. PLOS ONE, 12(12), e0189268. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0189268
• Milesi, C., Elvidge, C. D., Dietz, J. B., Tuttle, B. T., Nemani, R. R., & Running, S. W. (2005). A strategy for mapping and modeling the ecological effects of US lawns. J. Turfgrass Manage, 1(1), 83–97.
• Page, M. L., & Williams, N. M. (2023). Evidence of exploitative competition between honey bees and native bees in two California landscapes. Journal of Animal Ecology, 92(9), 1802–1814. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.13973
• Sturm, A., & Frischie, S. (2020). Mid-Atlantic native meadows: Guidelines for planning, preparation, design, installation, and maintenance. Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation. https://xerces.org/sites/default/files/publications/19-052_MidAtlantic_Meadow_guidelines_web.pdf
• Tallamy, D. W. (2019). Nature’s best hope: A new approach to conservation that starts in your yard. Timber Press.
• United States Department of Energy. (2011). Clean cities guide to alternative fuel commercial lawn equipment. https://afdc.energy.gov/files/pdfs/52423.pdf
• United States Environmental Protection Agency. (2017a, February 14). Outdoor water use in the United States. https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/www3/watersense/pubs/outdoor.html
• United States Environmental Protection Agency. (2017b, November 2). Indoor air quality [Reports and Assessments]. https://www.epa.gov/report-environment/indoor-air-quality
• United States Environmental Protection Agency. (2023, November 22). Yard trimmings: Material-specific data [Overviews and Factsheets]. https://www.epa.gov/facts-and-figures-about-materials-waste-and-recycling/yard-trimmings-material-specific-data

Chapter 17: Pocket Forests – A Better Way to Plant Trees

• Byers, J. A. (1992). Attraction of bark beetles, Tomicus piniperda, Hylurgops palliatus, and Trypodendron domesticum and other insects to short-chain alcohols and monoterpenes. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 18(12), 2385–2402. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00984957
• Holl, K. D., Reid, J. L., Cole, R. J., Oviedo‐Brenes, F., Rosales, J. A., & Zahawi, R. A. (2020). Applied nucleation facilitates tropical forest recovery: Lessons learned from a 15‐year study. Journal of Applied Ecology, 57(12), 2316–2328. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13684
• Miller, K. M., Perles, S. J., Schmit, J. P., Matthews, E. R., Weed, A. S., Comiskey, J. A., Marshall, M. R., Nelson, P., & Fisichelli, N. A. (2023). Overabundant deer and invasive plants drive widespread regeneration debt in eastern United States national parks. Ecological Applications, 33(4), e2837. https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2837
• Ranger, C. M., Reding, M. E., Persad, A. B., & Herms, D. A. (2010). Ability of stress‐related volatiles to attract and induce attacks by Xylosandrus germanus and other ambrosia beetles. Agricultural and Forest Entomology, 12(2), 177–185. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-9563.2009.00469.x
• Rodriguez-Saona, C., Poland, T. M., Miller, J. R., Stelinski, L. L., Grant, G. G., Groot, P. de, Buchan, L., & MacDonald, L. (2006). Behavioral and electrophysiological responses of the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis, to induced volatiles of Manchurian ash, Fraxinus mandshurica. Chemoecology, 16, 75–86.

Section 5: Lead & Inspire Communities to Help Heal Earth

• Clark, P. W., D’Amato, A. W., Palik, B. J., Woodall, C. W., Dubuque, P. A., Edge, G. J., Hartman, J. P., Fitts, L. A., Janowiak, M. K., Harris, L. B., Montgomery, R. A., Reinikainen, M. R., & Zimmerman, C. L. (2023). A lack of ecological diversity in forest nurseries limits the achievement of tree-planting objectives in response to global change. BioScience, 73(8), 575–586. https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biad049
• Devine, W. D., Harrington, C. A., & Southworth, D. (2009). Improving root growth and morphology of containerized Oregon white oak seedlings. Tree Planters’ Notes, 53(2), 29–34.
• Feng, Z., Yang, X., Liang, H., Kong, Y., Hui, D., Zhao, J., Guo, E., & Fan, B. (2018). Improvements in the root morphology, physiology, and anatomy of Platycladus orientalis seedlings from air-root pruning. HortScience, 53(12), 1750–1756. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI13375-18
• Koenig, W. D. (2021). A brief history of masting research. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 376(1839), 20200423. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0423
• Meadows, D. H. (2008). Thinking in systems: A primer (D. Wright, Ed.). Chelsea Green Pub.
• Miller, B., & Bassuk, N. (2018). The effects of air-root pruning on seedlings of species with taproots. Proc. of the 2018 Ann. Mtg. Eastern Region of North America IPPS.

In Closing

• Thích Nhất Hạnh. (2013). Love letter to the Earth. Parallax Press.